Understanding the Key Differences Between Maryland 504 Plans and IEPs for Parents
- Cara Fletcher
- Dec 10, 2025
- 4 min read
Navigating the world of special education can feel overwhelming for many parents. When a child struggles in school due to a disability or health condition, understanding the support options available is crucial. Two common types of educational plans in Maryland are 504 Plans and Individualized Education Programs (IEPs). Both aim to help students succeed but serve different purposes and follow different rules. This guide will help parents clearly understand the differences between Maryland 504 Plans and IEPs, so they can make informed decisions for their children’s education.
What Is a Maryland 504 Plan?
A 504 Plan is a formal plan developed under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. It is designed to provide accommodations and modifications to students with disabilities to ensure they have equal access to education. The key focus of a 504 Plan is removing barriers that might prevent a student from fully participating in school activities.
Who Qualifies for a 504 Plan?
Students qualify for a 504 Plan if they have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities. This can include conditions like:
Asthma
Diabetes
ADHD
Temporary injuries
Other chronic health conditions
The impairment does not have to affect learning directly but must impact the student’s ability to access the school environment.
What Does a 504 Plan Provide?
A 504 Plan outlines accommodations that help the student succeed in the general education setting. These accommodations might include:
Extended time on tests
Preferential seating
Use of assistive technology
Modified assignments
Breaks during class
The plan ensures the student receives support without changing the curriculum or educational standards.
How Is a 504 Plan Developed?
The school team, which includes parents, teachers, and school counselors, meets to discuss the student’s needs. They review medical records, evaluations, and teacher input to decide on appropriate accommodations. The plan is written and reviewed annually but can be updated as needed.
What Is an Individualized Education Program (IEP)?
An IEP is a detailed education plan created under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It is designed for students who require specialized instruction due to disabilities that affect their learning.
Who Qualifies for an IEP?
To qualify for an IEP, a student must have one or more of the 13 disability categories recognized by IDEA, such as:
Specific learning disabilities
Autism spectrum disorder
Emotional disturbance
Intellectual disabilities
Speech or language impairments
The disability must affect the student’s educational performance and require specialized instruction.
What Does an IEP Provide?
An IEP includes:
Specific educational goals tailored to the student’s needs
Special education services such as speech therapy or occupational therapy
Accommodations and modifications to curriculum and teaching methods
Regular progress reports to parents
Transition planning for post-secondary goals
The IEP is a legally binding document that ensures the school provides the services and supports outlined.
How Is an IEP Developed?
The IEP team includes parents, teachers, special education staff, and sometimes the student. They review evaluations and assessments to create a plan that meets the student’s unique needs. The IEP is reviewed and updated at least once a year.
Key Differences Between Maryland 504 Plans and IEPs
Understanding the differences between these two plans helps parents know which option best fits their child’s needs.
| Aspect | Maryland 504 Plan | Individualized Education Program (IEP) |
|-------------------------|-------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------|
| Legal Basis | Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act | Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) |
| Purpose | Provide accommodations for equal access | Provide specialized instruction and services |
| Eligibility | Disability that limits major life activities | Disability that affects educational performance and requires special education |
| Services Provided | Accommodations and modifications only | Specialized instruction, related services, accommodations |
| Curriculum Changes | No changes to curriculum | Curriculum can be modified |
| Plan Review | Reviewed annually or as needed | Reviewed at least annually |
| Parental Involvement| Parents participate in plan development | Parents are part of the IEP team and decision-making |
| Legal Protections | Protects against discrimination | Guarantees free appropriate public education (FAPE) |
Examples to Illustrate the Differences
Example 1: A Student with Diabetes
A student with diabetes may need a 504 Plan to allow for blood sugar monitoring, snacks during class, and permission to leave class for medical reasons. The student does not need changes to instruction or curriculum, so an IEP is not necessary.
Example 2: A Student with Dyslexia
A student with dyslexia who struggles with reading and writing may qualify for an IEP. The IEP would include specialized reading instruction, accommodations like extra time on tests, and progress monitoring to help the student improve academically.
How Parents Can Decide Which Plan Is Right
Parents should start by discussing their child’s challenges with teachers and school staff. If the child needs accommodations to access learning but does not require special instruction, a 504 Plan may be sufficient. If the child needs specialized teaching or therapies, an IEP is likely the better choice.
Parents can request evaluations from the school to determine eligibility for either plan. It is important to attend meetings, ask questions, and advocate for the child’s needs.
What Parents Should Know About Rights and Protections
Both 504 Plans and IEPs provide important protections for students with disabilities. Parents have the right to:
Participate in meetings about their child’s education
Receive written copies of plans and evaluations
Request changes or reevaluations if needed
File complaints if the school does not follow the plan
Understanding these rights helps parents ensure their child receives the support they deserve.
Tips for Working with Schools on 504 Plans and IEPs
Keep detailed records of meetings, communications, and evaluations
Be clear about your child’s strengths and challenges
Collaborate with teachers and staff to find effective solutions
Follow up regularly on the plan’s implementation
Seek outside evaluations if you feel the school’s assessment is incomplete
Resources for Maryland Parents
Maryland offers resources to help parents understand and navigate special education, including:
Maryland State Department of Education website
Local school district special education offices
Parent training and information centers
Advocacy groups specializing in disability rights
These resources can provide guidance, support, and legal information.
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